PRINTING

     PRINTING

 Printing means partial/localized dyeing. Printing are often described because the controlled placing of defined areas of color onto a substrate.

Steps of Printing: 
Preparation of the material for printing.
Preparation of the printing paste.
Making an impact of the paste on the material .
Drying the printed fabric.
Steaming the printed fabric.
After treatment.

Methods of Printing

Three different approaches or techniques are prevalent for printing colour on a cloth

Direct Printing
Discharge Printing
Resist Printing

Direct Printing:

 it’s the foremost common approach to use a color pattern on fabric. It are often done on white or a coloured fabric. If done on coloured fabric, it .is known as overprinting. the specified pattern is produced by imprinting dye on the material during a paste form. to organize the pritit paste, a thickening agent is added to a limited amount of water and dye is dissolved in it. Earlier corn starch was preferred as a thickening agent for cotton printing. Nowadays gums or alginates.

derived from seaweed are preferred because they’re easier to scrub out, don’t themselves absorb any colour and permit better penetration of colour. Most pigment printing is completed without thikeners because the mixing from resins, solvents and water itself produces thickening.

Discharge Printing:

 during this approach, the material is dyed in piece then it’s printed with a chemical that destroys the color within the designed areas. Sometimes, the bottom colour is removed and another colour is printed in its place. The printed fabric is steamed then thoroughly washed. This approach is on decline lately .

Resist Printing:

 during this technique, a resist paste is imprinted on the material then it’s dyed. The dye affects only those parts that aren’t covered by the resist paste. After dyeing, the resist paste is removed leaving a pattern on a dark background.

Types of printing

 There are various sorts of printing during which one among the above three techniques is used:

Block Printing
Roller Printing
Duplex Printing
Stencil Piinting
Screen Printing
Transfer Printing
Blotch Printing
Jet Spray Printing
Electrostatic Ptinting
Photo Printing
Differential Printing
Warp Printing
Batik Dyeing
Tie Dyeing
Airbrush (Spray) Painting
Digital printing

Block Printing

Block Printing

 The designs are carved on a wooden or metal block and therefore the paste dyestuff is applied to the planning on the face of the block. The block is pressed down firmly by hand on the surface of the material .

Roller Printing

 during this machine counterpart of block printing, engraved copper cylinders or rollers are utilized in .

place of handcarved blocks. With each revolution of the roller, a repeat of the planning is printed. The printed cloth is passed into a drying then a steam chamber where the moisture and warmth

Screen Printing

 it’s done either with flat or cylindrical screens made from silk threads nylon, polyester, vinyon or metal. The printing paste or dye is poured on the screen and made through its unblocked areas onto the material . supported the sort of the screen used, it’s referred to as ‘Flat Screen Printing’ or ‘Rotsry Screen Printing’.

Stencil Printing 

 the planning is first call at cardboard, wood or metal. The stencils may have fine delicate designs or large spaces through which colour is applied on the material . Its use is restricted thanks to high costs involved.
Transfer Printing 

 the planning on a paper is transferred to a cloth by vaporization. There are two main processes for this Dry Heat Transfer Printing and Wet Heat Transfer Printing. In Conventional Heat Transfer Printing, an electrically heated cylinder is employed that presses a cloth against a printed paper placed on a heat resistant blanket. In Infrared Heat Vacuum Transfer Printing, the paper and fabric are passed between infrared heaters and a perforated cylinder which are shielded from excessive heat by a shield. The Wet Heat Transfer Printing uses heat during a wet atmosphere for vaporizing the dye pattern from paper to fabric.

Airbrush (Spray) Printing 

 Designs could also be hand painted on fabric or the dye could also be applied with a mechanized airbrush which blows or sprays colour on the material

Electrostatic Printing 

 A dyeresin mixture is spread on a screen bearing the planning and therefore the fabric is passed into an electric field under the screen. The dyeresin mixture is pulled by the electric field through the pattern area onto the material .
Photo Printing 

 the material is coated with a chemical that’s sensitive to light then any photograph could also be printed thereon .
Jet Spray Printing

 Designs are imparted to fabrics by spraying colours during a controlled manner through nozzles.

Digital printing 

 during this sort of printing micro-sized droplets of dye are placed onto the material through an inkjet printhead. The print system software interprets the info supplied by a cademic_Textile digital image me. The digital image file has the info to regulate the droplet output in order that the image quality and color control could also be achieved. this is often the newest development in textile printing and is expanding in no time .

Tie Dyeing 

 Firm knots are tied within the cloth before it’s immersed during a dye. the surface of the immersed portion is dyed but the within isn’t penetrated. There are various sorts of Tie dyeing like Ikat Dyeing where bundles of warp and/ or weft yarns ere tie dyed before their weaving. In Plangi Dyeing the gathered, folded or rolled fabric is typically held with stitching to make specific patterns.